Particles (for beginner and high-beginner)

　Level 1 (for beginner)

particle
  • は　wa： topic/contrast, "as for" (explanation)
  • が　ga： subject marker, "specific"
    (1) unknown subject
    (2) answer for the question
    (3) new information
    (4) Description "[place]ni [someting]ga arimasu.", "[place]ni[animate thing]ga imasu."
  • を　o： object marker
  • に　ni：
    (1) "to"
    (2) Location in/at which something exist, residence
    (3) Specific time
  • で　de：
    (1) "by means of" , "using"
    (2) Location in/at which the action occurs or is done
    (3) group
  • へ　e："to", "towards" (direction)
  • から　kara：
    (1) From (beginning point in time or place)
    (2) marker of reason
  • まで　made：Until (up to and including)
  • の　no：
    (1) Possessive marker
    (2) Belonging
    (3) Hyphen
  • と　to：
    (1) “and”, [noun]と [noun]
    (2) “with”
  • や　ya： “and”, ”and so on”
  • か　ka： Question marker
  • も　mo：
    (1) “also”, “too”, “as well as”
    (2) (だれ dare、なに nani etc.)も mo＋[neg.] （Nobody, Nothing etc.）
  • よ　yo：Telling, Giving information
  • ね　ne：
    (1) …, right? …, isn’t it?
    (2) ! (exclamation mark)